Process for Permanent Shaping of Human Hair

ABSTRACT

The present invention concerns a process for permanent shaping of human hair used both for the permanent waving of human hair with an excellent waving effect as well as for the straightening of curled hair. Accordingly, the first object of the present invention is a process for permanent shaping hair wherein an aqueous composition comprising at least one inorganic salt is applied onto hair and optionally processed up to 20 min and optionally rinsed off and subsequently a composition comprising at least one reducing agent is applied and rinsed off from hair after a processing time of 1 to 30 min and at a temperature of 20 to 45° C. and a composition comprising at least one oxidizing agent is applied and processed for 1 to 20 min at a temperature range of 20 to 45° C. and rinsed off from hair.

The present invention concerns a process for permanent shaping of humanhair used both for the permanent waving of human hair with an excellentwaving effect as well as for the straightening of curled hair.

It is generally known that permanent shaping is carried out according toa two step process. In the first step, the reductive splitting of thecysteine disulfide bonds is achieved by a reducing agent, and in thesecond step, neutralization is carried out by application of anoxidizing agent, whereby the cysteine disulfide bonds are restored inthe new shape.

The reducing agent still most frequently used today is thioglycolicacid, also in form of the salts thereof, in particular its ammoniumsalt, although numerous other thio compounds have been proposed for thispurpose, which, however, mostly did not succeed.

The compositions containing thioglycolates are customarily applied at apH-value between 7 and 10, in particular 8.5 and 9.5.

It is also well known in the art that use of an intermediate treatmentis advantageous in order to realize more efficient perming and reducehair damage. These compositions usually comprise only salts at higherconcentration in order to de-swell hair which occurs usually when hairis treated with strong alkaline compositions especially in the presenceof a reducing agent. Although the prior art has quite developed, thereis still need for further improvements, especially in realizing lowerhair damage without loss of perming and/or straightening efficiency.

The present invention starts from the task of providing a process forthe permanent shaping of human hair wherein an aqueous composition isapplied onto hair prior to application of reducing composition whichdelivers excellent waving and straightening performance. Hair waved orstraightened according to the process of the present invention looksattractive and feels natural upon touching by hand.

Accordingly, the first object of the present invention is a process forpermanent shaping hair wherein an aqueous composition comprising atleast one inorganic salt is applied onto hair and optionally processedup to 20 min and optionally rinsed off and subsequently a compositioncomprising at least one reducing agent is applied and rinsed off fromhair after a processing time of 1 to 30 min and at a temperature of 20to 45° C. and a composition comprising at least one oxidizing agent isapplied and processed for 1 to 20 min at a temperature range of 20 to45° C. and rinsed off from hair.

In a further preferred form of the invention, the hair is washed andmore preferably shampooed prior to application of the aqueouscomposition comprising at least one inorganic salt.

In case that the aim of using the process is perming (curling), prior toapplication of the reducing agent or during the application of thereducing agent, even after the application of the reducing agent, hairis put on the curlers and the curlers are taken out prior to or duringor after application of the oxidizing composition or after processing ofthe oxidizing composition. The selection of the timing when the curlersare put and taken off from hair is very much dependent on the curlingefficiency aimed. For stronger curls it is preferred that the curlersare put on the hair before application of the reducing agent. Puttingcurlers onto hair during or after the application of the reducing agentproduces relatively weaker curls. For stronger curls it is preferredthat the curlers are taken off at the end of the processing time ofoxidizing agent, and for relatively weaker, slight curling effect,curlers are taken off before application of the oxidizing agent or thelatest right after application of the oxidizing agent.

According to the novel process of the present invention, an aqueouscomposition comprising at least one inorganic salt is applied ontokeratin fibers prior to application of the reducing agent. In principalany water soluble salt is suitable for the purpose of the presentinvention. In the preferred embodiment, salts are preferably selectedfrom salts of mono or divalent cations with mono and divalent anions.Preferred cations are sodium, calcium, potassium and magnesium andanions are chloride and sulfate. Suitable ones are such as sodiumchloride, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride,potassium sulfate, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, ammonium saltssuch as ammonium chloride and ammonium sulfate. Additionally it has beenfound to be suitable especially salts of iodide ions especiallypotassium and sodium slats, copper chloride, cupper sulphate, cobaltchloride, cerium sulphate, cerium chloride, vanadium sulphate, lithiumchloride, potassium dichromate, magnesium acetate, calcium nitrate,barium nitrate, magnesium oxide, and ammonium nitrate. Preferredinorganic salts are sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate,potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, magnesium chloride, calciumchloride and salts of iodide ions. More preferably the salts are sodiumchloride, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride,potassium sulfate, magnesium chloride and salts of iodide ionsespecially potassium and sodium salts. In particular, with magnesiumsulfate, sodium chloride and potassium iodide exceptionally good resultswere observed.

Concentration of at least one inorganic salt in the aqueous compositionis typically from 0.01 to 20%, preferably 0.05 to 15% and mostpreferably 0.1 to 10% and in particular 0.2 to 7.5% by weight calculatedto the total composition. The concentration range disclose herein is thetotal concentration of the inorganic salts in case more then one is usedin mixture.

In a preferred embodiment, aqueous composition comprising at least oneinorganic salt is processed up to 20 min, preferably up to 15 min andmore preferably up to 10 min with or without using heat, preferably at atemperature range between 20 and 45° C., on hair prior to application ofreducing composition.

It is possible to prepare the aqueous composition comprising at leastone inorganic salt immediately before application onto hair by addinginorganic salt into appropriate aqueous base and/or compositioncomprising additional cosmetic ingredients (see below).

As a rule, an aqueous composition comprising only one inorganic salt isbasically appropriate for achieving intensive and homogeneouscolorations. It must be noted that aqueous compositions may alsocomprise two or more inorganic salts. Further additives may be used inorder to achieve further effects such as enhancing combability, shineetc. or in order to make application onto hair easier such as thickeningagents for adjusting the consistency.

The aqueous composition of inorganic salts can be thickened withpolymers of any kind, namely, anionic, cationic, nonionic and/oramphoteric polymers. Natural polymers such as chitosan and itsderivatives, cellulose and its derivatives and especiallyhydroxyethylcellulose, guar gum and its derivatives serve excellentlyfor this purpose. The viscosity values targeted should not be very highin any case should not be more than 2000 mPa.s measured with eitherHöppler or Brookfield viscosimeter with the known means as explained inthe manuals of the respective equipments at 20° C.

Aqueous composition of inorganic salt may comprise cationic polymers asthickeners and at the same time conditioning agents which enhances firstof all combability and therefore makes applications onto hair easier.Those are cationic cellulose type polymers know as Polymer JR type fromAmerchol such as Polyquaternium 10 or cationic guar gum known with tradename Jaguar from Rhône-Poulenc and chemically for example Guarhydroxypropyl trimonium chloride. Furthermore. chitosan and chitin canalso be included in the compositions as cationic natural polymers.

Furthermore, those cationic polymers known with their CTFA category namePolyquaternium may as well be added into pre-treatment compositions ofthe present invention. Typical examples of those are Polyquaternium 6,Polyquaternium 7, Polyquaternium 10, Polyquaternium 11, Polyquaternium16, Polyquaternium 22 and Polyquaternium 28, Polyquaternium 30,Polyquaternium 37, Polyquaternium 36, Polyquaternium 46.

As well those polymers known with their CTFA category name Quaterniumcan as well be suitable. Those are for example Quaternium-8,Quaternium-14, Quaternium-15, Quaternium-18, Quaternium-22,Quaternium-24, Quaternium-26, Quaternium-27, Quaternium-30,Quaternium-33, Quaternium-53, Quaternium-60, Quaternium-61,Quaternium-72, Quaternium-78, Quaternium-80, Quaternium-81,Quaternium-81, Quaternium-82, Quaternium-83 and Quaternium-84.

In this context, reference is also made to the cationic polymersdisclosed in DE 25 21 960, 28 11 010, 30 44 738 and 32 17 059, as wellas to the products described in EP-A 337 354 on pages 3 to 7, It is alsopossible to use mixtures of various cationic polymers.

The cationic polymers also include the quaternized products of graftpolymers from organopolysiloxanes and polyethyl oxazolines described inEP-A 524 612 and EP-A 640 643.

According to the present invention total concentration of polymers ofanionic, cationic, non-ionic and/or amphoteric or zwitterionic characteris in the range of 0.05-10%, preferably 0.1-7.5%, preferably 0.2-7.5%and most preferably 0.2-5% by weight, calculated to the totalcomposition.

The aqueous composition of inorganic salt can comprise additionally oneor more surfactants selected from non-ionic, anionic, cationic andamphoteric ones.

The surfactants suitable for the compositions according to the inventionare first of all those nonionic surfactants. Pre-treatment compositionsaccording to the invention comprise one or more nonionic surfactants.Preferred nonionic surfactants are ethoxylated fatty alcohols accordingto the following formula:

R₁(CH₂CH₂O)_(n)H

where R₁ is a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alkyl chainwith 12 to 22 C atoms and n is a number between 2 and 50 preferably 2 to40, more preferably 2 to 30. In one of the preferred embodiments of theinvention, the hair treatment compositions comprise a mixture of twononionic fatty alcohol ethoxylates, one has between 2 to 10 ethoxylateunits and the other is more than 10. Those surfactants are known by thegeneric terms for example “Laureth”, “Myristeth”, “Oleth”, “Ceteth”,“Deceth”, “Steareth” and “Ceteareth” according to the CTFA nomenclature,including addition of the number of ethylene oxide molecules. e.g.“Ceteareth-20”, Steareth-2,

Further nonionic surfactants suitable as emulsifiers in hair treatmentcompositions according to the invention are those polyethylene glycolethers of monogylcerides according to the general formula

R₁ and n are same as above. Examples to those types of nonionicsurfactants are PEG-7-glyceryl cocoate known with the trade name CetiolHE from Cognis, PEG-8-glyceryl laurate know with the trade name GlyceroxL8 from Croda Chemicals, PEG-10 glyceryl oleate, PEG-15 glycerrylisostearate, PEG-5 glycerryl stearate, PEG-15 gylceryl ricinoleate, etc.

Further nonionic surfactants suitable for treatment compositionsaccording to the invention are alkyl polyglucosides of the generalformula

R₂—O—(R₃O)_(n)—Z_(x).

wherein R₂ is an alkyl group with 8 to 18 carbon atoms, R₃ is anethylene or propylene group, Z is a saccharide group with 5 to 6 carbonatoms, n is a number from 0 to 10 and x is a number between 1 and 5.

Nonionic surfactant components are, for example, long-chain fatty acidmono- and dialkanolamides, such as coco fatty acid monoethanolamide andmyristic fatty acid monoethanolamide, which can also be used asemulsifiers according to the invention.

Additionally useful nonionic surfactants are the various sorbitanesters, such as polyethylene glycol sorbitan stearic acid ester, fattyacid polyglycol esters or poly-condensates of ethyleneoxide andpropyleneoxide, as they are on the market, for example, under the tradename “Pluronics®”, as well as fatty alcohol ethoxylates.

Still further suitable nonionic surfactants are amineoxides. Suchamineoxides are known especially because of their use in cleansingcompositions, for example C₁₂-C₁₈-alkyl dimethyl amineoxides such aslauryl dimethyl amineoxide, C₁₂-C₁₈-alkyl amidopropyl or -ethylamineoxides, C₁₂-C₁₈-alkyl di(hydroxyethyl) or (hydroxypropyl)amineoxides, or also amineoxides with ethyleneoxide and/orpropyleneoxide groups in the alkyl chain, Those are on the market, forexample, under the trade names “Ammonyx®”, “Aromox®” or “Genaminox®”.

Anionic surfactants of the sulfate, sulfonate, carboxylate types are aswell suitable in the pre-treatment composition of the present invention.Those are the ones very commonly used in cosmetic cleansingpreparations, for example, the known C₁₀-C₁₈-alkyl sulfates, and inparticular the respective ether sulfates, for example, C₁₂-C₁₄-alkylether sulfate, lauryl ether sulfate, especially with 1 to 4 ethyleneoxide groups in the molecule, monoglyceride (ether) sulfates, fatty acidamide sulfates obtained by ethoxylation and subsequent sulfatation offatty acid alkanolamides, and the alkali salts thereof.

Additional anionic surfactants useful within the scope of the inventionare a-olefin sulfonates or the salts thereof, and in particular alkalisalts of sulfosuccinic acid semiesters, for example, the disodium saltof monooctyl sulfosuccinate and alkali salts of long-chain monoalkylethoxysulfosuccinates.

Suitable surfactants of the carboxylate type are alkyl polyethercarboxylic acids and the salts thereof of the formula

R₆—(C₂H₄O)_(n)—O—CH₂COOX.

wherein R₆ is a C₈-C₂₀-alkyl group, preferably a C₁₂-C₁₄-alkyl group, nis a number from 1 to 20, preferably 2 to 17, and X is H or preferably acation of the group sodium, potassium, magnesium and ammonium, which canoptionally be hydroxyalkyl-substituted, as well as alkyl amido polyethercarboxylic acids of the general formula

wherein R₆ and X have the above meanings, and n is in particular anumber from 1 to 10, preferably 2.5 to 5.

Such products have been known for some time and are on the market, forexample, under the trade name “AKYPO®” and “AKYPO-SOFT®”.

Also useful are C₈-C₂₀-acyl isethionates, alone or in mixture with otheranionic surfactants, as well as sulfofatty acids and the esters thereof.

It is also possible to use mixtures of several anionic surfactants inmixture within the scope of the invention.

Further suitable anionic surfactants are also C₈-C₂₂-acylaminocarboxylic acids or the water-soluble salts thereof. Especiallypreferred is N-lauroyl glutamate, in particular as sodium salt, as wellas, for example, N-lauroyl sarcosinate, N—C₁₂-C₁₈-acyl asparaginic acid,N-myristoyl sarcosinate, N-oleoyl sarcosinate, N-lauroyl methylalanine,N-lauroyl lysine and N-lauroyl aminopropyl glycine, preferably in formof the water-soluble alkali or ammonium, in particular the sodium saltsthereof, preferably in admixture with the above-named anionicsurfactants.

As further surfactant component, the compositions according to theinvention can also contain amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants asemulsifiers.

Useful as such are in particular the various known betaines such asalkyl betaines, fatty acid amidoalkyl betaines and sulfobetaines, forexample, lauryl hydroxysulfobetaine; long-chain alkyl amino acids, suchas cocoaminoacetate, cocoaminopropionate and sodium cocoamphopropionateand -acetate have also proven suitable.

In detail, it is possible to use betaines of the structure

wherein R₇ is a C₈-C₁₈-alkyl group and n is 1 to 3;

sulfobetaines of the structure

wherein R₇ and n are same as above;

and amidoalkyl betaines of the structure

wherein R₇ and n are same as above.

Cationic surfactants are useful in the aqueous composition comprising atleast one inorganic salt as well and particularly as conditioning agentand according to the general formula

where R₈ is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or non-branched alkylchain with 8-22 C atoms or

R₁₂CONH(CH₂)_(n)

where R₁₂ is saturated or unsaturated, branched or non-branched alkylchain with 7-21 C atoms and n has typical value of 0-4 or

R₁₃COO(CH₂)_(n)

where R₁₃ is saturated or unsaturated, branched or non-branched alkylchain with 7-21 C atoms and n has typical value of 0-4. and

R₉ is a hydrogen, lower alkyl chain with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, saturatedor unsaturated, branched or non-branched alkyl chain with 8-22 C atomsor

R₁₂CONH(CH₂)_(n)

where R₁₂ is saturated or unsaturated, branched or non-branched alkylchain with 7-21 C atoms and n has typical value of 0-4 or

R₁₃COO(CH₂)_(n)

where R₁₃ is saturated or unsaturated, branched or non-branched alkylchain with 7-21 C atoms and n has typical value of 0-4. and

R₁₀ and R₁₁ are independent from each other H or lower alkyl chain with1 to 4 carbon atoms, and X is chloride, bromide or methosulfate.

Suitable cationic surfactants and or conditioning agents are, forexample, long-chain quaternary ammonium compounds which can be usedalone or in admixture with one another, such as cetyl trimethyl ammoniumchloride, myristoyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, trimethyl cetylammonium bromide, stearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, dimethyl stearylammonium chloride, dimethyl dihydrogenated tallow ammonium chloride,stear trimonium chloride, dipalmitoyl dimonium chloride, distearyldimethyl ammonium chloride, stearamidopropyl trimonuim chloride anddioleoylethyl dimethyl ammonium methosulfate, etc.

From the above quaternary ammonium compounds disclosed with the generalformula, especially preferred as hair conditioning agents are thosecompounds known per se and are on the market, for example, under thetrade names “Schercoquat®”, “Dehyquart® F30” and “Tetranyl®”.

Again from the above quaternary ammonium compounds disclosed with thegeneral formula, especially preferred as conditioning ingredient arethese compounds are known per se and on the market, for example, underthe trade name “INCROQUAT® HO” or “OCS”. Those compounds are known witha general ingredient category under “amidoquat” in the cosmeticindustry.

According to present invention total concentration of surfactants ofanionic, cationic, non-ionic and/or amphoteric or zwitterionic characteris in the range of 0.05-10%, preferably 0.05-7.5% and most preferably0.05-5% by weight, calculated to the total composition.

Aqueous composition of at least one inorganic salt can also compriseother conditioning agents selected from oily substances and nonionicsubstances. Oily substances are selected from such as silicone oilsvolatile or non-volatile, natural and synthetic oils. Among siliconeoils those can be added include dimethicone, dimethiconol,polydimethylsiloxane, DC fluid ranges from Dow Corning, arylatedsilicones, aminated silicones, natural oils such as olive oil, almondoil, avocado oil, weizenkeim oil, ricinus oil and the synthetic oils,such as mineral oil.

Non-ionic conditioning agents may be polyols such as glycerin, glycoland derivatives, polyethyleneglycoles known with trade names CarbowaxPEG from Union Carbide and Polyox WSR range from Amerchol, polyglycerin,polyethyleneglycol mono or di fatty acid esters.

Conditioners mentioned above can be contained at a concentration ofbelow 1%, preferably below 0.75% by weight, calculated to totalcomposition.

The aqueous composition comprising at least one inorganic salt cancontain one or more organic solvent. Examples are such as ethanol.propanol, isopropanol, benzyl alcohol, benzyloxyethanol, alkylenecarbonates such as ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate,phenoxyethanol, butanol, isobutanol, cyclohexane, cyclohexanol,hexyleneglycol, ethylenecarbonate, ethyleneglycol monoethylether,ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether,1-phenylethylalcohol, 2-phenylethylalcohol, o-methoxyphenol.Concentration of one or more organic solvents is in the range of 1 to25%, preferably 1 to 20%, more preferably 1 to 15% and most preferably 1to 10% by weight, calculated to the total composition.

Application of the aqueous composition can be done in any form whichenables effectively and homogeneously bringing the compositions ontohair. Aqueous composition can be packed into a bottle with a nozzle,which enables easy application, or with a spray device (pump spray) orwith a pump, which enables dispensing the composition in the form ofliquid or foam (pump foamer). Composition may also be offered in anaerosol bottle from which the composition is dispensed as foam. In theaerosol form, dispensing as a spray may also find its applications inthe daily practice. In the case that aerosol form is preferred, suitablepropellant gas or mixtures must be added to the composition to makedispensing in the preferred form possible.

In principal pH of the aqueous composition comprising at least oneinorganic salt is not critical. However, preferably the pH of thecomposition must be chosen in a range which does not make any bigchanges in the pH of the reducing composition applied subsequently.Preferably the pH of the aqueous composition is in the range of 4 to 9,more preferably 5 to 8.5 and most preferably 6 to 8.

The reducing composition comprises at least one reducing compound.Preferred are thioglycolic acid and thiolactic acid as well as the saltsthereof, in particular the ammonium and ethanolamine salts. Furtheruseful thio compounds are in particular cysteine or the hydrochloridethereof, homocysteine, cysteamine, N-acetyl cysteine, thioglycerol,ethanediol monothioglycolate, 1,2-propyleneglycol monothioglycolate (seealso WO-A 93/1791), 1,3-propanediol monothioglycolate or the isomermixture resulting therefrom, 1,3-butanediol and 1,4-butanediolmonothioglycolate and the isomer mixtures therefrom, polyethyleneglycol, such as di-, tri- and tetraethyleneglycol monothioglycolates,glycerol monothiolactate and further thio acids and the esters thereof,as well as mixtures thereof.

The use of inorganic reducing sulfur compounds such as sodium hydrogensulfite is basically also possible.

The total reduction agent content in the compositions according to theinvention customarily amounts from 0.5% to 15%, preferably 1 to 15%,more preferably 2 to 12.5% and most preferably 2.5 to 12.5% by weight,calculated to total composition.

The composition comprising reducing agents can, if necessary, comprisealkalizing agents. Their quantity is dependent on the reducing agent andthe desired pH-value of the composition. Reducing agent compositionspreferably contain about 0.1% to about 5%, in particular about 0.5% toabout 2.5% by weight thereof, calculated to the total composition.Alkalizing agents preferred within the scope of the invention areammonium carbamate, ammonia and/or ammonium(bi)carbonate,triethanolamine and monoethanolamine. It is desirable to adjust thepH-value between about 6.5 and 10.5, preferably about 7 to 9.5.

The viscosity best suited for the reducing compositions proved to be inthe range of about 500 to 10,000 mPa.s, preferably about 1,000 to about5,000 mPa.s, measured at 20° C. in a Brookfield viscosimeter (no. 5spindle), whereas the viscosity suited for the straighteningcompositions is preferably higher in a range up to about 50,000 mPa.s,preferably up to 30,000 mPa.s measured at 20° C. in a Brookfieldviscosimeter (no. 5 spindle).

The viscosity is adjusted by addition of the appropriate amounts ofthickening agents known per se and as mentioned above, such as cellulosederivatives. Thickening may as well be realised by formulating acomposition in form of an emulsion with the use of C₁₀-C₂₂-fattyalcohols, in admixture with long mono alkyl chain quaternary ammoniumsurfactants.

The third component used in the inventive process is a compositioncomprising at least one oxidizing agent. Suitable ones are such ashydrogen peroxide and sodium bromate. Most preferred is hydrogenperoxide. Oxidizing agent is comprised at a concentration of 0.05 to15%, preferably 0.1 to 15% more preferably 0.25 to 12.5% and mostpreferably 0.5 to 10% by weight calculated to total composition. Theoxidizing composition has a pH between 2 and 7, preferably 2.5 and 6 andmore preferably 3 and 5.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, theinventive process preferably comprises application of an intermediatetreatment after rinsing off the reducing composition and prior toapplication of the oxidizing composition.

Intermediate composition used in the inventive process of the presentinvention comprises further at least one salt, preferably at aconcentration of 0.5 to 15%, more preferably 1 to 12.5% and mostpreferably 2 to 12.5% by weight calculated to total composition. Thesuitable salts are the same ones as mentioned above for the aqueouscomposition applied prior to reducing step. Most preferred are again thesame ones mentioned above.

Intermediate treatment composition comprises preferably at least oneoxidizing agent at a concentration of 0.1 to 5%, preferably 0.2 to 5%more preferably 0.2 to 3% and most preferably 0.2 to 2% by weightcalculated to total composition. Suitable oxidizing agents are such ashydrogen peroxide and sodium bromate. Most preferred is hydrogenperoxide.

The intermediate treatment composition has a pH between 2 and 7,preferably 2.5 and 6 and more preferably 3 and 5.

Further, according to a further preferred embodiment, intermediatetreatment compositions comprise at least one cationic surfactantdisclosed above in the range from 0.05% to 5%, preferably 0.1% to 2.5%,more preferably 0.2 to 2% by weight, calculated to total of intermediatetreatment composition. Suitable ones are as mentioned above.

Any of the compositions used in the inventive process of the presentinvention can comprise one or more of the following ingredients.

One or more of the compositions may comprise at least one ubiqinone ofthe formula

where n is a number between 1 and 10 at a concentration of 0.0001 to 1%,preferably from 0.0002 to 0.75%, more preferably from 0.0002 to 0.5% andmost preferably from 0.0005 to 0.5% by weight, calculated to total ofeach composition.

The compositions comprise ubichinone which is preferably selected fromthe ones where n is a number between 6 and 10 and more preferably it isubichinone 50 where n is 10, also known as Coenzyme Q10.

Although mentioned above for the aqueous composition used in the firststep, the other compositions may also comprise one or more surfactantsselected from anionic, nonionic, cationic and amphoteric ones. Theirproportion ranges from about 0.05% to about 10%, in particular fromabout 0.1% to about 5% by weight, calculated to total of eachcomposition. The suitable ones are mentioned above for each category ofsurfactants.

Cationic polymers and organic solvents may be comprise in anycompositions used in the process of the present invention, unlessotherwise mentioned.

Composition can also comprise at least one amino acid. At least oneamino acid is comprised at a concentration of 0.01 to 10%, preferably0.05 to 7.5% and more preferably 0.1 to 5% and most preferably 0.25 to5% by weight calculated to total of each composition.

Suitable amino acids are glycin, histidine, citrullin, asparagine,alanin, valin, leucin, isoleucin, pyrolin, tryptophane, phenylalanine,methionine, serine, tyrosine, threonine and gluatamine. Preferably, theamino acid is selected from glycin, histidine, citrullin, asparagine,alanin, valin, leucin, isoleucin, pyrolin, serine, tyrosine, threonineand gluatamine. More preferably, at least one amino acid is selectedfrom glycin, histidine, asparagine, alanin, valin, leucin, pyrolin,serine, tyrosine and gluatamine, and most preferably at least one aminoacid is selected from glycin, asparagine, alanin, valin, leucin, andserine.

Composition of the present invention can comprise further ceramide typeof compound with the general formula

where R₇ and R₈ are independent from each other alkyl- or alkenyl groupwith 10 to 22 carbon atoms, R₉ is alkyl or hydroxyl alkyl with 1 to 4carbon atoms group and n is a number between 1 to 6, preferably 2 or 3.Preferred compound according to the above chemical structure iscetyl-PG-hydroxyethylpalmitamide.

Further optional ingredient are sterols, especially the phytosterols aspreferred hair restructuring agents. Especially preferred ones are ofplant origin for example ergosterol, sitosterol, stigmasterol,fucosterol, brassicasterol, fungisterol, campesterol, zymosterol,ascosterol, cerevisterol, episterol, faecosterol, spinasterol. Amongthose phytosterols, the ones found in “Avocadin” which is theunsaponified fraction of the avocado oil is more preferred.

Optionally fatty acids of C₁₀ to C₂₂ may be incorporated into thecompositions of the present invention at a concentration of preferably0.01 to 2.5% by weight calculated to total of each composition.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, intermediatetreatment composition comprises at least one diamine compound. Preferreddiamide compounds are according to the general structure

wherein R₉ is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl chainwith 1 to 12 C atoms which may be substituted with hydroxy and/or alkoxygroups, preferably R₉ is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturatedalkyl chain with 1 to 12 C atoms which may be substituted by 1 to 3substituents selected from a hydroxy group and C1 to C6 alkoxy group,more preferably R₉ is a unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 12 C atoms,and alkyl group with 2 to 12 C atoms substituted by one or two hydroxylgroups, by one alkoxy group with 1 to 6 C atoms or by one hydroxyl andone alkoxy group with 2 to 6 C atoms, R₁₀ is linear or branched alkylchain with 1 to 5 C atoms, preferably linear or branched alkyl chainwith 2 to 5 C atoms and more preferably an alkyl chain with 2 to 3 Catoms, and R₁₁ linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl chainwith 1 to 22 C atoms, preferably linear or branched, saturated orunsaturated alkyl chain with 11 to 22 C atoms.

Preferred individual diamide compounds are the ones according to theformula A to G.

Particularly preferred diamide compound is the compound F which is bis(methoxypropylamido) isodocosane and commercially available from KaoCorporation—Japan.

Concentration of diamide compounds in the intermediate treatmentcompositions of the present invention is in the range of 0.001 to 5%,preferably 0.002 to 3% more preferably 0.005 to 2% and most preferably0.01 to 1% by weight calculated to total of each composition.

Another preferred compound in the permanent shaping composition of thepresent invention is silicone compounds and especially aminatedsilicones such as amodimethicone available from for example Dow Corningunder the brand names Dow Corning 949 Emulsion and Dow Corning 2-8194ME. Concentration of silicones, especially amodimethicone, is in therange of 0.05 to 2.5%, preferably 0.1 to 1% by weight calculated tototal or each composition.

Additionally, one or more natural oil component may be incorporated intothe compositions of the present invention. Suitable are such as oliveoil, almond oil, avocado oil, wheatgerm oil, ricinus oil or theirmixture. Concentration of these natural oil ingredients should be 0.01to 2.5%, preferably 0.01.to 1%, more preferably 0.05 to 0.5% by weight,calculated to total each composition.

The compositions used according to the invention can naturally compriseall the substances customarily found in permanent shaping compositions,a list of which will not be given here, and are preferably present assolutions, gels with a higher or lower viscosity, emulsions or creams.They can be single-phase products or compositions packed into separatepackaging which are united upon application, as they are disclosed, forexample, in DE-C 43 04 828.

In order to avoid repetition, reference is here made to the state of theart as it is described, for example, in “Ullmann's Encyclopedia ofIndustrial Chemistry”, Vol. A12 (1986), pages 588 to 591, and inparticular to the monography of K. Schrader, “Grundlagen and Rezepturender Kosmetika”, 2^(nd). Ed. (1989, Hüthig Buchverlag) pages 823 to 840,as well as the article by D. Hollenberg et. al. in“Seifen-Öle-Fette-Wachse”, 117 (1991), pages 81 to 87.

The compositions used in the inventive process of the present inventionare preferably provided in a kit. Accordingly further objective of thepresent invention is a kit for permanent shaping keratin fiberspreferably hair comprising

-   -   a—an aqueous composition comprising at least one organic salt,    -   b—an aqueous composition comprising at least one reducing agent,    -   c—an aqueous composition comprising at least one oxidizing        agent, and    -   d—optionally, another aqueous composition comprising at least        one inorganic salt.

The following examples are to illustrate the invention, but not to limitit.

EXAMPLE 1

First Aqueous Composition

% by weight Potassium iodide 0.5 Hydroxyethylcellulose 0.5Monoethanolamine 4.8 Hydrochloric acid 4.0 Water q.s. to 100

Alkaline Permanent Wave for Normal Hair

% by weight Ammonium thioglycolate (60%) 21.3 Ammonium hydrogencarbonate 5.0 1,3-butylene gylcol 3.0 Amodimethicone 0.2PEG-40-Hydrogenated castor oil 0.7 Polyquaternium-7 0.5 Perfume 0.4Ammonia, 25% ad pH 8.3 Water ad 100.0

Oxidizing Composition

% by weight Hydrogen peroxide 2 Phosphoric acid q.s. to pH 3.5 Water to100

With these compositions the hair was permanently waved according to theprocess of Claim 1. Therefore, hair was shampooed and towel dried andthe first aqueous composition was applied onto hair and processed for 10min at ambient temperature and without rinsing off the composition, hairwas put on curlers and reducing composition given above was applied ontohair and processed for about 15 minutes, rinsed off from hair andoxidizing composition was applied and processed for about 10 minutes andrinsed off from hair and curlers were taken off from hair. Homogeneouswave appearance and natural feeling hair was obtained. Exclusion of thefirst step resulted in less homogeneous perm appearance and especiallynatural hair feeling was lost.

EXAMPLE 2

Intermediate Composition

% by weight Coenzyme Q10 0.2 Polysorbate-80 0.2 Magnesium sulfate 10Hydrogen peroxide 2.5 Cetrimonium chloride 0.5 Citric acid q.s. to pH4.2 Water q.s. to 100

The three compositions used in Example 1 were used in this example. Thepermanent shaping was carried out as follows:

Hair was shampooed and towel dried and the first aqueous composition wasapplied onto hair and processed for 5 min at ambient temperature andwithout rinsing off, hair was put on curlers and reducing compositiongiven above was applied onto hair and processed for about 15 minutes,rinsed off from hair and the intermediate composition of above wasapplied onto hair and after processing of 10 min and without rinsing offoxidizing composition was applied and immediately afterwards the curlerswere taken off from hair and oxidizing composition was processed furtherfor about 10 minutes and rinsed off from hair. Homogeneous waveappearance and natural feeling hair was obtained. Exclusion of the firststep resulted in less homogeneous perm appearance and especially naturalhair feeling was lost. It was furthermore observed that hair appear andfeel less damaged.

EXAMPLE 3

The 3 compositions of Example 1 were used in this example. The permanentshaping was carried out as described in example wherein additionallyafter rinsing off the reducing agent and before application of theoxidizing agent the first aqueous composition was applied as anintermediate treatment and processed for 5 min and without rinsing offoxidizing composition was applied. The rest of the process was exactlythe same as in Example 1. It was observed that pretreatment andintermediate treatment was affected the perming efficiency positively.Perming either without both first step and intermediate treatment oronly with intermediate treatment were resulted in much weaker and lesspreferred results.

EXAMPLE 4

First Aqueous Composition

% by weight Coenzyme Q10 0.2 Polysorbate-80 0.2 Magnesium sulfate 5 Diamide compound* 0.2 Cetrimonium chloride 1.0 Arginine 0.5 Citric acidq.s. to pH 4.2 Water q.s. to 100 *Bis (methoxypropylamido) isodocosanewhich corresponds to compound F among the structures disclosed above.

Alkaline Permanent Wave for Damaged Hair

% by weight Ammonium thioglycolate (60%) 0.9 Cystein hydrochloride 5.7Ammonium hydrogen carbonate 1.5 Acetylcystein 0.7 Cetrimonium chloride0.1 1,3-butylene gylcol 0.5 Polyquaternium-39 1.5 Amodimethicone 0.2Oleic acid 0.05 Perfume 0.4 Ammonia, 25% ad pH 9.8 Water q.s. 100.0

Intermediate Composition

% by weight Coenzyme Q10 0.2 Polysorbate-80 0.2 Magnesium sulfate 10Hydrogen peroxide 2.5 Di amide compound* 0.2 Cetrimonium chloride 1.0Arginine 0.5 Citric acid q.s. to pH 4.2 Water q.s. to 100 *Bis(methoxypropylamido) isodocosane which corresponds to compound F amongthe structures disclosed above.

The permanent wave achieved with the above compositions was similar tothe one obtained with the composition according to Example 3. Exclusionof first aqueous composition and/or intermediate treatment led tosubstantially weaker waves.

EXAMPLE 5

First Aqueous Composition

% by weight Coenzyme Q10 0.1 Polysorbate-80 0.2 Sodium chloride 10Hydrogen peroxide 2.5 Behentrimonium chloride 0.8 Arginine 0.5 Citricacid q.s. to pH 4.2 Water q.s. to 100

Neutral Permanent Wave for Normal Hair

A permanent waving product consisting of two Compositions A and B,filled into a two-chamber packaging the chambers of which were keptseparate until application, was prepared by destruction of theseparating wall prior to application onto hair.

Composition A:

Ammonium hydrogen carbonate 4.5 (g) Polyquaternium-6 1.0PEG-65-Hydrogenated castor oil 0.8 Isopropyl alcohol 1.5 Ethoxydiglycol2.0 Cocoamidopropyl betaine 1.0 Coenzyme Q10 0.2 Perfume 0.3Turbidifying agent 0.5 Ammonia, 25% ad pH 8.4 Water q.s. 72.0

Composition B:

Ammonium thioglycolate, 70% 18.0 (g) Thiolactic acid 2.02-Methyl-1.3-propanediol 0.5 Ammonia, 25% ad pH 5.5 Water q.s. 28.0

After admixture of both Compositions a ready-to-use product with apH-value of 7.4 was obtained.

Intermediate Composition

% by weight Coenzyme Q10 0.1 Polysorbate-80 0.2 Sodium chloride 10Hydrogen peroxide 2.5 Behentrimonium chloride 0.8 Arginine 0.5 Citricacid q.s. to pH 4.2 Water q.s. to 100

With these compositions the hair was permanently waved according to theprocess of Example 3. Therefore, hair was shampooed and towel dried andfirst aqueous composition was applied and processed for 5 min and hairwas put on curlers and reducing composition given above after mixing thetwo parts, was applied onto hair and processed for about 20 minutes,rinsed off from hair and intermediate composition of above was appliedonto hair and processed for 5 min and without rinsing off oxidizingcomposition comprising 2.5% by weight hydrogen peroxide and 0.2%Coenzyme Q10 was applied and processed for about 8 minutes and rinsedoff from hair. Homogeneous wave appearance and natural feeling hair wasobtained. Exclusion of first aqueous composition and intermediatetreatment resulted in less homogeneous perm appearance.

EXAMPLE 6

First Aqueous Composition

% by weight Coenzyme Q10 0.1 PEG-60 Hydrogenated castor oil 0.2 Sodiumchloride 10 Hydroxyethylcellulose 0.2 Cetrimonium chloride 0.5 Arginine0.5 Citric acid/sodium hydroxide q.s. to pH 6.5 Water q.s. to 100

Neutral Permanent Wave for Dyed Hair

A permanent waving product filled into a two-chamber package wasprepared in analogy to Example 4:

Composition A:

Ammonium hydrogen carbonate 3.5 (g) Polyquaternium-11 0.5 Ethanol 0.51-Methoxypropanol 1.0 Cocoamidopropyl betaine 1.0 PEG-25-glycerylcocoate 0.8 Coenzyme Q10 0.1 Oleic acid 0.05 Perfume 0.3 Turbidifyingagent 0.5 Ammonia, 25% ad pH 8.3 Water q.s. 72.0

Composition B:

Ammonium thioglycolate, 70% 13.0 (g) Thiolactic acid 0.52-Methyl-1.3-propanediol 1.5 Ammonia, 25% ad pH 5.5 Water q.s. 28.0

A product with a pH-value of 7.4 was obtained by admixture of theCompositions immediately prior to application.

Intermediate Composition

% by weight Coenzyme Q10 0.1 PEG-60 Hydrogenated castor oil 0.2 Sodiumchloride 10 Hydrogen peroxide 2.5 Cetrimonium chloride 0.5 Arginine 0.5Citric acid q.s. to pH 4.2 Water q.s. to 100

After application onto dyed hair as described in Example 5, thiscompositions resulted in an expressive permanent wave, which had noteffect whatever on the color gloss and color intensity. Exclusion offirst aqueous composition and intermediate treatment resulted in loss ofeffects.

EXAMPLE 7

First Aqueous Composition

Asparagic acid 0.25 % by weight Glutamic acid 0.50 Alanin DL 0.25Behentrimonium chloride 1.00 Guar gum 0.25 Potassium iodide 5.00Polysorbate-80 0.10 Coenzyme Q10 0.05 Citric acid/sodium hydroxide q.sto pH 6.8 Water q.s. to 100

The above composition had a pH of 4.10.

Alkaline Permanent Waving Gel

Ammonium thioglycolate, 70% 15.0 (g) Ammonium hydrogen carbonate 4.5PEG-40-Hydrogenated castor oil 0.7 C₁₂-C₁₈-Fatty alcohol mixture 3.5Cetrimonium chloride 2.0 Amodimethicone 0.05 2-Methyl-1.3-propanediol0.5 Polyquaternium-28 0.1 Perfume 0.3 Ammonia, 25% ad pH 8.0 Water q.s.100.0

Intermediate Treatment Composition

Asparagic acid 0.25 % by weight Glutamic acid 0.50 Alanin DL 0.25Behentrimonium chloride 1.00 Hydrogen peroxide 1.50 Magnesium sulfate10.00 Polysorbate-80 0.10 Coenzyme Q10 0.05 Water q.s. to 100

The above composition had a pH of 4.10.

The above compositions was applied in the same way as in Example 3 andresulted in expressive waves and natural hair feel.

EXAMPLE 7

Straightening Composition

Thioglycolic acid 8.0 (% by wt.) C₁₆-C₂₂-Fatty alcohol mixture 3.5Oleth-50 2.5 Laureth-23 1.5 Polyquaternium-2 0.8 Oleic acid 0.1 Ethanol5.0 Perfume 0.6 Monoethanolamine ad pH 9.3 Water q.s. 100.0

Intermediate Composition

% by weight Coenzyme Q10 0.1 Poysorbate-80 0.1 Sodium chloride 10Hydrogen peroxide 2.5 Cetrimonium chloride 0.8 Arginine 0.5 Citric acidq.s. to pH 4.2 Water q.s. to 100

Kinky hair was straightened according to process wherein hair wasshampooed and first aqueous composition of example 1 was applied ontohair and after processing of 10 min at ambient temperature, the abovereducing composition was applied onto hair and processed from 20 min atambient temperature and rinsed off from hair and hair was towel driedand treated with the above intermediate composition and without rinsingoff hair was dried. Subsequently hair was straightened with a hot ironhaving flat shape and a temperature of approximately 140° C. andafterwards treated with an oxidizing composition comprising 2% by weightof hydrogen peroxide at pH 3. Finally hair was rinsed off and dried witha drier. Hair was excellently straightened and felt natural and softupon touching. Exclusion of first aqueous composition and intermediatetreatment resulted in loss of effects.

1. A process for permanent shaping hair wherein hair is washed and/orshampooed and an aqueous composition comprising at least one inorganicsalt was applied onto hair in the first step and optionally processed upto 20 min and optionally rinsed off, and subsequently a compositioncomprising at least one reducing agent is applied onto hair and afterprocessing of 1 to 30 min at a temperature of 20 to 45° C. rinsed offfrom hair and a composition comprising at least one oxidizing agent isapplied and rinsed off from hair after a processing time of 1 to 30 minand at a temperature of 20 to 45° C., wherein the at least one inorganicsalt is selected from sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, magnesiumsulfate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, magnesium chloride,calcium chloride, ammonium salts such as ammonium chloride and ammoniumsulfate. Additionally it has been found to be suitable especially saltsof iodide ions especially potassium and sodium salts, copper chloride,cupper sulphate, cobalt chloride, cerium sulphate, cerium chloride,vanadium sulphate, lithium chloride, potassium dichromate, magnesiumacetate, calcium nitrate, barium nitrate, magnesium oxide, and ammoniumnitrate.
 2. The process according to claim 1, wherein hair is put oncurlers prior to application of a composition comprising reducing agent.3. The process according to claim 1, wherein curlers were removed fromhair after application of the oxidizing agent or at the end of theprocessing time of oxidizing agent.
 4. The process according to claim 1,wherein aqueous composition comprises at least one inorganic salt at aconcentration of 0.01 to 20% by weight calculated to total of thecomposition.
 5. The process according to claim 1, wherein an aqueouscomposition comprising at least one inorganic salt is additionallyapplied onto hair after rinsing of the reducing composition and prior toapplication of the oxidizing composition, which optionally comprises atleast one oxidizing agent.
 6. The process according to claim 1, whereinat least one inorganic salt is selected from salts of mono or divalentcations with mono and divalent anions.
 7. (canceled)
 8. The processaccording to claim 6, wherein at least one inorganic salt is selectedfrom magnesium sulfate, sodium chloride and potassium iodide.
 9. Theprocess according to claim 1, wherein the aqueous composition applied inthe first step comprises at least one thickening agent.
 10. The processaccording to claim 1, wherein aqueous composition applied in the firststep comprises at least one surfactant.
 11. The process according toclaim 1, wherein aqueous composition applied in the first step comprisesat least one conditioning agent.
 12. The process according to claim 1,wherein aqueous composition applied in the first step comprises at leastone organic solvent.
 13. The process according to claim 1, whereinreducing composition comprises at least one reducing agent at aconcentration of 0.5 to 15% by weight calculated to total of thecomposition and preferably selected from thioglycolic acid, thiolacticacid as well as the salts thereof, in particular the ammonium andethanolamine salts, cysteine or the hydrochloride thereof, homocysteine,cysteamine, N-acetyl cysteine, thioglycerol, ethanediolmonothioglycolate, 1,2-propyleneglycol monothioglycolate,1,3-propanediol monothioglycolate or the isomer mixture resultingtherefrom, 1,3-butanediol and 1,4-butanediol monothioglycolate and theisomer mixtures therefrom, polyethylene glycol, such as di-, tri- andtetraethyleneglycol monothioglycolates, glycerol monothiolactate andfurther thio acids and the esters thereof, as well as mixtures thereof.14. The process according to claim 1, wherein any of the compositionscomprise one or more of the compounds selected from a—ubichinones of theformula

where n is a number between 1 and 10, b—amino acid at a concentration of0.01 to 10%, c—ceramide type of compound with the general formula

where R₇ and R₈ are independent from each other alkyl- or alkenyl groupwith 10 to 22 carbon atoms, R₉ is alkyl or hydroxyl alkyl with 1 to 4carbon atoms group and n is a number between 1 to 6, preferably 2 or 3,a—sterol, especially phytosterol, b—fatty acid, c—diamide compounds areaccording to the general structure

wherein R₉ is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl chainwith 1 to 12 C atoms which may be substituted with hydroxy and/or alkoxygroups, preferably R₉ is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturatedalkyl chain with 1 to 12 C atoms which may be substituted by 1 to 3substituents selected from a hydroxy group and C1 to C6 alkoxy group,more preferably R₉ is a unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 12 C atoms,and alkyl group with 2 to 12 C atoms substituted by one or two hydroxylgroups, by one alkoxy group with 1 to 6 C atoms or by one hydroxyl andone alkoxy group with 2 to 6 C atoms, R₁₀ is linear or branched alkylchain with 1 to 5 C atoms, preferably linear or branched alkyl chainwith 2 to 5 C atoms and more preferably an alkyl chain with 2 to 3 Catoms, and R₁₁ linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl chainwith 1 to 22 C atoms, preferably linear or branched, saturated orunsaturated alkyl chain with 11 to 22 C atoms. d—silicone compound, ande—natural oil.
 15. A kit for permanent shaping keratin fibers especiallyhair wherein it comprises a—an aqueous composition comprising at leastone organic salt, b—an aqueous composition comprising at least onereducing agent, c—an aqueous composition comprising at least oneoxidizing agent, and d—optionally, an additional aqueous compositioncomprising at least one organic salt.